Sarah H. Cen

Carnegie Mellon University · sarahcen at andrew.cmu.edu

I am an Assistant Professor at Carnegie Mellon University in the Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Engineering & Public Policy. I recently finished my postdoc at Stanford HAI, where I had an amazing time working with Percy Liang in Computer Science and Daniel E. Ho in the Law School's RegLab. Before that, I completed my PhD at MIT EECS under the wonderful mentorship of Aleksander Mądry and Devavrat Shah, my master's at Oxford with Paul Newman, and my undergraduate at Princeton with Naomi Leonard.

My research falls at the intersection of machine learning and AI accountability. On the technical side, I love learning new methods. I enjoy using tools and principles from a wide range of fields, including machine learning, statistics, game theory, causal inference, and information theory to tackle research questions. The goal of my research is to better design, understand, and govern AI and automated systems. As a consequence, I also have a strong interest in law, policy, ethics, and philosophy.

My research approaches research areas and problems—such as AI audits, interpretable machine learning, data ownership, and recommender systems—from multiple stakeholder perspectives. Recently, I have written on reducing information-resource gaps in AI accountability; the regulation and auditing of social media algorithms; the emergence of AI supply chains; the estimation of counterfactual potential outcomes under spillover effects; how competing for resources under uncertainty affects long-term outcomes; and individual-level rights of data-driven decision subjects. If you're interested in thinking about these interdisciplinary problems together, please reach out and tell me what you're thinking about!

Please find my (always, slightly out-of-date) C.V. here.


Selected Presentations


Education

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Thesis: AI Accountability

Advised by Aleksander Mądry and Devavrat Shah

2024

University of Oxford

M.Sc. by Research in Engineering Science
Thesis: "Radar-only ego-motion estimation and localization"

Advised by Paul Newman

2018

Princeton University

B.S.E. in Mechanical Engineering
Certificates in (1) Computer Science and (2) Robotic & Intelligent Systems
Thesis: "Optimal leader selection for dynamic networks modeled as Markov jump linear systems"

Advised by Naomi Leonard

Received Top Senior Thesis in Princeton School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Top Thesis in Mechanical Engineering & Aerospace Engineering, Top Student in Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering

2016


Research

For most up-to-date list of publications, see Google Scholar.


Publications and Pre-prints

*First-author contribution.

  1. S. H. Cen*, A. Ilyas, H. Driss, C. Park, A. K. Hopkins, C. Podimata, and A. Mądry. "Longitudinal Study of Large Language Models During the 2024 US Elections" In preparation for submission, 2025.
  2. R. Bommasani, S. R. Singer, R. E. Appel, S. H. Cen, A. F. Cooper, L. A. Gailmard, I. Klaus, M. M. Lee, I. D. Raji, A. Reuel, D. Spence, A. Wan, A. Wang, D. Zhang, D. E. Ho, P. Liang, D. Song, J. E. Gonzalez, J. Zittrain, J. T. Chayes, M.-F. Cuellar, L. Fei-Fei. "The California Report on Frontier AI Policy," 2025.
  3. S. H. Cen*, S. Goyal, Z. Javed, A. Karthik, P. Liang, and D.E. Ho. "Audits Under Resource, Data, and Access Constraints: Scaling Laws For Less Discriminatory Alternatives" Submitted to the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2025.
  4. A. K. Hopkins*, S. H. Cen*, A. Ilyas, I. Struckman, L. Videgaray, and A. Mądry. "AI Supply Chains: An Emerging Ecosystem of AI Actors, Products, and Services" AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (AIES), 2025.
  5. S. H. Cen* and R. Alur*. "From Transparency to Accountability and Back: A Discussion of Access and Evidence in AI Auditing ." ACM Conference on Equity and Access in Algorithms, Mechanisms, and Optimization (EAAMO). 2024.
  6. A. Agarwal, S. H. Cen*, D. Shah, and C. L. Yu. "Network Synthetic Interventions: A Causal Framework for Panel Data with Network Interference." Revise & Resubmit to Operations Research, 2023.
  7. S. H. Cen*, A. Ilyas*, J. Allen, H. Li, D. G. Rand, and A. Mądry. "Measuring Strategization in Recommendation: Users Adapt Their Behavior to Shape Future Content." ACM Conference on Economics and Computation (EC), 2024. Major Revision at Management Science.
  8. S. H. Cen*, A. Ilyas*, and A. Mądry. "User Strategization and Trustworthy Algorithms." ACM Conference on Economics and Computation (EC), 2024..
  9. S. H. Cen*, A. Mądry, and D. Shah. "A User-Driven Framework for Regulating and Auditing Social Media." Pre-print, 2023.
  10. C. Zhang*, S. H. Cen*, and D. Shah. "Matrix Estimation for Individual Fairness." International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2023.
  11. S. H. Cen*, A. Ilyas*, and A. Mądry. "A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Trust in Recommendation." Responsible Decision Making in Dynamic Environments Workshop at International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2022, Oral.
  12. S. H. Cen* and M. Raghavan. "The Right to be an Exception to a Data-Driven Rule." Pre-print, 2022.
  13. J. Perolat*, B. De Vylder*, D. Hennes*, [...], S. H. Cen, et al. "Mastering the game of Stratego with model-free multiagent reinforcement learning." Science, 2022.
  14. S. H. Cen* and D. Shah. "Regret, stability, and fairness in matching markets with bandit learners." International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 2022.
  15. S. H. Cen* and D. Shah. "Regulating algorithmic filtering on social media." Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2021, Spotlight.
  16. S. H. Cen* and P. Newman. "Radar-only ego-motion estimation in difficult settings via graph matching." IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2019.
  17. R. Weston*, S. H. Cen, P. Newman, and I. Posner. "Probably Unknown: Deep Inverse Sensor Modelling in Radar." IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2019.
  18. S. H. Cen* and P. Newman. "Precise Ego-Motion Estimation with Millimeter-Wave Radar under Diverse and Challenging Conditions." IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2018.
  19. S. H. Cen*, V. Srivastava, and N. E. Leonard. "On robustness and leadership in Markov switching consensus networks." IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), 2017.

Recent Talks

Simons Collaboration on the Theory of Algorithmic Fairness Annual Meeting  |  February 2026
Yale Social Algorithms Conference  |  October 2025
INFORMS Annual Meeting  |  October 2025
Machine Learning and Economics Summer Conference  |  August 2025
ICML Workshop on Responsible Foundation Models  |  July 2025
Brown's AI Policy Summer School  |  July 2025
FAR.AI Technical Innovations for AI Policy  |  June 2025
KIT  |  March 2025
INRIA  |  March 2025
Columbia's Frontiers of ML Seminar  |  February 2025
Northeastern's Network Science Institute  |  February 2025
FAccT Tutorial on Algorithmic Auditing and Generative AI  |  2025
INFORMS Annual Meeting Session on Online Marketplaces & Incentives  |  2025
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Committee on Science, Technology, and Law Disinformation Workshop  |  2025
Cornell Tech Digital Life Initiative (DLI)  |  2024
INFORMS Annual Meeting Session on Fairness in Platforms & Recommendation  |  2024
INFORMS Annual Meeting Session on Decisions Under Not-So-Perfect Data  |  2024
University of California San Diego (UCSD), Computer Science  |  May 2024
Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Computer Science  |  April 2024
Yale University, Computer Science  |  April 2024
University of Chicago Booth School of Business  |  April 2024
University of Waterloo, Computer Science  |  April 2024
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), Electrical & Computer Engineering  |  March 2024
Georgia Institute of Technology, Computer Science  |  March 2024
University of Southern California, Electrical & Computer Engineering  |  March 2024
Carnegie Mellon University, Engineering & Public Policy  |  February 2024
University of Pennsylvania, Computer Science  |  February 2024
Northwestern University, Computer Science  |  February 2024
Max Planck Institute for Software Systems  |  February 2024
Harvard Business School (HBS)  |  January 2024
New York University (NYU) Stern School of Business  |  January 2024
University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Anderson School of Management  |  January 2024
Cornell University, Information Science  |  January 2024
Cornell University, Operations Research & Information Engineering  |  January 2024
University of Michigan, Ross School of Business  |  December 2023
Cornell University, Young Researchers Workshop  |  2023
Stanford University, Computing & Society  |  2023
MIT EECS, Thriving Stars of AI  |  2023
Berkeley Simons Institute, AI & Humanity  |  2023
MIT, AI Ethics Reading Group  |  2023
INFORMS Annual Meeting, Session on Online Platforms  |  2022


Blogs & Media








Experience

Postdoctoral Researcher

Stanford HAI, Computer Science, and the Law School.

Working with Prof. Daniel E. Ho and Prof. Percy Liang.

2024 - Present

PhD Researcher in MIT EECS

LIDS + CSAIL

Advised by Prof. Aleksander Mądry and Prof. Devavrat Shah. Worked on various topics, centered around developing a principled understanding of data-driven algorithms and AI systems, at the intersection of machine learning, economics, law, and policy.

2018 - 2024

Research Intern

Deep Mind

Advised by Prof. Karl Tuyls. Devised new techniques to build an AI agent for imperfect information games, such as Stratego. Developed methods to analyze the game play and interpret the actions of the AI agent.

2016 - 2018

Researcher (M.Sc.) at the University of Oxford

Oxford Robotics Institute

Advised by Prof. Paul Newman. Developed state-of-the-art algorithms for radar-only odometry using graph matching. Successfully tested on autonomous vehicles under adverse and diverse conditions. Designed neural network that operates under weak supervision and noisy data.

2016 - 2018

Researcher (B.S.E.) at Princeton University

Dynamical Control Systems Lab

Advised by Prof. Naomi Leonard. Derived novel metrics quantifying the robustness of consensus and the reference tracking accuracy of dynamic leader-follower networks modeled as Markov switching graphs. With Ph.D. student, bounded regret of optimal fully-informed multi-armed bandit.

2014 - 2016

Research Intern at MIT Lincoln Laboratory

Space Systems and Technology Division

Supervised by Dr. Yaron Rachlin. Applied tools from signal processing, computer vision, and statistical inference in order to reconstruct high-quality satellite images from noisy, low-quality ones.

2015

Research Intern at UPenn GRASP Lab

Multi-Robot Systems Lab

Advised by Prof. Vijay Kumar. Implemented the autonomous tracking and landing of a quadrotor on a moving ground vehicle. Programmed and tested flight controller, motion tracker, and extended Kalman filter.

2014

Software Development Intern at Wattvision

Real-time energy monitoring systems

Supervised by Savraj Singh. Designed and implemented new user interfaces (UIs) for both the mobile and web sites. Repaired bugs, maintained website backend, and integrated external hardware.

2013

Honors

MIT EECS Thriving Star | Speaker at “The Thriving Stars of AI” Research Summit
2022
Best Student Talk | LIDS Student Conference
2022
Hugh Hampton Young Fellowship | MIT award for academic achievement & character
2020
Chyn Duog Shiah Fellowship | Awarded to one MIT engineering student
2020
Ida M. Green Fellowship | Awarded to eight MIT graduate women
2018
Edwin S. Webster Fellowship | MIT EECS award
2018
Sachs Oxford Scholarship | Funds one Princeton student to study at Univ. of Oxford
2016
Top Thesis | Princeton University School of Engineering & Applied Sciences
2016
Top Thesis | Princeton University Department of Mechanical Engineering
2016
Top Academic Performance | Princeton University Department of Mechanical Engineering
2016
Graduate with Highest Honors | Princeton University
2016
Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, and Tau Beta Pi | Honor Societies
2016
Palantir Scholarship for Women in Engineering | Finalist
2015
Best Presentation Award | University of Pennsylvania GRASP REU
2014
Grace Hopper Celebration Poster Scholarhsip
2014
Top 3 Percent of Class | Princeton University Shapiro Prize for Academic Excellence
2014